Rechargeable 1.2-Volt 1,000 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) button top battery replacement for solar lighting, industrial equipment and other applications. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-year standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 1.2-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 1,000 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Rerminal type: buttont top
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 1.2-Volt 1,100 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the Lithonia ELB-1201N Emergency Lighting battery. This battery meets or exceeds the Lithonia ELB-1201N battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment Manufacturer, but at a much lower price. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-year standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 1.2-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 1,100 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 2.4-Volt 900 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the 2KR600AAH49 emergency lighting battery. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery meets or exceeds the 2KR600AAH49 battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment Manufacturer, but at a much lower price. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-years standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices. This is 1 battery, please verify quantity needed for your application before ordering.

• 2.4-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 900 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 3.6-Volt 900 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the ANIC0553 or NIC0553 emergency lighting batteries. This battery meets or exceeds the ANIC0553 or NIC0553 battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-year standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 3.6-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 900 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Plug in terminal type includes wire harness
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devicest
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 9.6-Volt 900 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the Unitech BAT9.6V700 emergency lighting battery. It meets or exceeds the Unitech BAT9.6V700 specifications defined by the Original Equipment Manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-years standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 9.6-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 900 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 9.6-Volt 900 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the Unitech 18737 emergency lighting battery. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-years standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 9.6-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 900 mAh (slight differences of a 100mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 1.2-Volt 1,200 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the Lithonia ELB1P201N2 emergency lighting battery. This battery meets or exceeds the Lithonia ELB1P201N2 battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment Manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-years standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 1.2-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery with fuse
• Capacity: 1,200 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 1.2-Volt 1,500 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the Lithonia ELB-1P201NB emergency lighting battery. This battery meets or exceeds the Lithonia ELB-1P201NB or ELB1P201NB battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-year standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 1.2-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 1,500 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 4.8-Volt 1800 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the E2377-01-00 emergency lighting battery. This battery meets or exceeds the E2377-01-00 battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-year standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 4.8-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 1800 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 2.4-Volt 900 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the 100003A097 and 100-003-A097 emergency lighting. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery meets or exceeds the 100003A097 and 100-003-A097 battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment Manufacturer, but at a much lower price. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-years standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices. This is 1 battery, please verify quantity needed for your application before ordering.

• 2.4-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 900 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 6.0-Volt 7,000 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the PN103005 or 103005 emergency lighting battery. This battery meets or exceeds the PN103005 or 103005 battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-year standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 6.0-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 7,000 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 6.0-Volt 7,000 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the Lithonia ELB-0607N or ELB0607N emergency lighting battery. This battery meets or exceeds the Lithonia ELB-0607N or Lithonia ELB0607N battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-year standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 6.0-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 7,000 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 1.2-Volt 1,000 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the Unitech AA900 mAh emergency lighting battery. This battery meets or exceeds the Unitech AA900 mAh battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment Manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-years standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 1.2-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 1,000 mAh (Slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 1.2-Volt 1,500 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the Lithonia ELB-0320 emergency lighting battery. This battery meets or exceeds the Lithonia ELB-0320 battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-year standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 1.2-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 1,500 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 1.2-Volt 1,100 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the Power Rite PRS1201 battery. This battery meets or exceeds the Power Rite PRS1201 battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment Manufacturer, but at a much lower price. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-year standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 1.2-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 1,100 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 4.8-Volt 900 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the Lithonia LRP 1 face (Precise) emergency lighting battery. This battery meets or exceeds the Lithonia LRP 1 face battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment Manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-years standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 4.8-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• CAPACITY: 900 mAh (Slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 6.0-Volt 7,000 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the ANIC0046 or NIC0046 emergency lighting battery. This battery meets or exceeds the ANIC0046 or NIC0046 battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-year standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 6.0-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 7,000 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 6.0-Volt 7,000 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the 12-802 or 0120802 emergency lighting battery. This battery meets or exceeds the 12-802 or 0120802 battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-year standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 6.0-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 7,000 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 2.4-Volt 900 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the ANIC1379 or NIC1379 emergency lighting batteries. This battery meets or exceeds the ANIC1379 or NIC1379 battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-year standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices. This is 1 battery, please verify quantity needed for your application before ordering.

• 2.4-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 900 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 4.8-Volt 900 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the Astralite 20-0001 emergency lighting battery. This battery meets or exceeds the Astralite 20-0001 battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-year standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 4.8-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 900 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 1.2-Volt 1,200 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the NIC1169 ANIC1169 emergency lighting. This battery meets or exceeds the NIC1169 ANIC1169 battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment Manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-years standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 1.2-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery with fuse
• Capacity: 1,200 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 1.2-Volt 1,200 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the Lithonia ELB-1P201N2 emergency lighting battery. It meets or exceeds the Lithonia ELB-1P201N2 emergency light specifications defined by the Original Equipment Manufacturer at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-years standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 1.2-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery with fuse
• Capacity: 1,200 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 4.8-Volt 350 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the Corun Ni-Cd AAA300 mAh 4.8V emergency lighting battery. This battery meets or exceeds the Corun Ni-Cd AAA300 mAh 4.8-Volt battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-year standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 4.8-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 350 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (Rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 14.4-Volt 1,800 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) flat top battery replacement for the Okuma E5503-867-001 battery. This battery meets or exceeds the Okuma E5503-867-001 specifications defined by the Original Equipment manufacturer, but at a much lower price. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-year standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 14.4-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 1,800 mAh (Slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in CNC and PLC equipment as well as other electronic devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects