Rechargeable 4.8-Volt 350 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the Corun Ni-Cd AAA300 mAh 4.8V emergency lighting battery. This battery meets or exceeds the Corun Ni-Cd AAA300 mAh 4.8-Volt battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-year standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 4.8-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 350 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (Rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 1.2-Volt 1,200 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the Lithonia EMBAW1211 emergency lighting battery. This battery meets or exceeds the Lithonia EMBAW1211 battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment Manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-year standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 1.2-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 1,200 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 2.4-Volt 900 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the 100003A097 and 100-003-A097 emergency lighting. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery meets or exceeds the 100003A097 and 100-003-A097 battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment Manufacturer, but at a much lower price. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-years standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices. This is 1 battery, please verify quantity needed for your application before ordering.

• 2.4-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 900 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 1.2-Volt 1,200 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the Lithonia ELB-1P201N2 emergency lighting battery. It meets or exceeds the Lithonia ELB-1P201N2 emergency light specifications defined by the Original Equipment Manufacturer at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-years standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 1.2-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery with fuse
• Capacity: 1,200 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 4.8-Volt 1800 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the Lithonia ELB-0502N emergency lighting battery. This battery meets or exceeds the Lithonia ELB-0502N OR Lithonia ELB0502N battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-year standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 4.8-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 1800 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 14.4-Volt 1,800 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) flat top battery replacement for the Okuma E5503-867-001 battery. This battery meets or exceeds the Okuma E5503-867-001 specifications defined by the Original Equipment manufacturer, but at a much lower price. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-year standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 14.4-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 1,800 mAh (Slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in CNC and PLC equipment as well as other electronic devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 4.8-Volt 900 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for emergency lighting. It meets or exceeds the Unitech 4AA-800-18-8WL specifications defined by the Original Equipment Manufacturer but at a much lower price. Polarity: This battery is STANDARD POLARITY (Check the edge of the white plug, there should be a notch on the side where the black wire enters). Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-years standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 4.8-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 900 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 4.8-Volt 900 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the Astralite 20-0001 emergency lighting battery. This battery meets or exceeds the Astralite 20-0001 battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-year standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 4.8-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 900 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 3.6-Volt 900 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the ANIC0553 or NIC0553 emergency lighting batteries. This battery meets or exceeds the ANIC0553 or NIC0553 battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-year standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 3.6-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 900 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Plug in terminal type includes wire harness
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devicest
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 9.6-Volt 900 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the Lithonia ELB-B004 ELBB004 emergency lighting battery. It meets or exceeds the Lithonia ELB-B004 emergency light specifications defined by the Original Equipment Manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-years standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 9.6-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 900 mAh (slight differences of a 100mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 1.2-Volt 1,200 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the NIC1169 ANIC1169 emergency lighting. This battery meets or exceeds the NIC1169 ANIC1169 battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment Manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-years standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 1.2-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery with fuse
• Capacity: 1,200 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 1.2-Volt 1,000 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) button top battery replacement for solar lighting, industrial equipment and other applications. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-year standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 1.2-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 1,000 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Rerminal type: buttont top
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 1.2-Volt 1,000 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) button top battery replacement for solar lighting, industrial equipment & other applications. Also a common replacement for the CD-AA1000A and CDAA1000A batteries. This battery meets or exceeds the battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment Manufacturer, but at a much lower price. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-years standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 1.2-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• CAPACITY: 1,000 mAh (Slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Rerminal type: buttont top
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 9.6-Volt 900 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the Unitech BBAT0043A emergency lighting battery. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-year standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 9.6-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 900 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 4.8-Volt 450 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the 2 x 2 2/3AA emergency lighting battery. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery meets or exceeds the 2 x 2 2/3AA battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment manufacturer, but at a much lower price. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-years standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 4.8-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 450 mAh (Slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 6.0-Volt 5,500 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the 26-62 and 026-62 emergency lighting batteries. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery meets or exceeds the 26-62 and 026-62 battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment manufacturer, but at a much lower price. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-year standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 6.0-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 5,500 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (Rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 1.2-Volt 1,200 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the Lithonia EMBSCN1215 emergency lighting battery. This battery meets or exceeds the Lithonia EMBSCN1215 battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-year standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 1.2-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery with fuse
• Capacity: 1,200 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 3.6-Volt 900 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the BNP3700B emergency lighting battery. This battery meets or exceeds the BNP3700B battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-year standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 3.6-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 900 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Plug in terminal type includes wire harness
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devicest
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 4.8-Volt 900 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the 0120894 emergency lighting battery. This battery meets or exceeds the 0120894 battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-year standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 4.8-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 900 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 2.4-Volt 1,200 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the Lithonia ELB2P401N emergency lighting battery. This battery meets or exceeds the Lithonia ELB2P401N battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-year standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices. This is 1 battery, please verify quantity needed for your application before ordering.

• 2.4-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 1,200 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 4.8-Volt 450 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the Lithonia ELB-4804N emergency lighting battery. This battery meets or exceeds the Lithonia ELB-4804N battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-year standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 4.8-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 450 mAh (Slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 6.0-Volt 5,500 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the Lithonia ELB-0604N emergency lighting battery. This battery meets or exceeds the Lithonia ELB-0604N battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-years standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 6.0-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• Capacity: 5,500 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 1.2-Volt 1,200 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the EBE-33 emergency lighting battery. This battery meets or exceeds the EBE-33 battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment Manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-years standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 1.2-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery with fuse
• Capacity: 1,200 mAh (slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable, this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects

Rechargeable 4.8-Volt 900 mAh nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery replacement for the Lithonia LRP 1 face (Precise) emergency lighting battery. This battery meets or exceeds the Lithonia LRP 1 face battery specifications defined by the Original Equipment Manufacturer, but at a much lower price. Includes wiring harness with connector. This battery typically has 20% to 40% more capacity than other regularly available batteries of the same size and can support up to 500 charge discharge cycles or 5-years standby power under normal conditions. Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly found in emergency lighting, alarm/security systems, backup power devices and other electrical devices.

• 4.8-Volt nickel cadmium replacement battery
• CAPACITY: 900 mAh (Slight differences of a 100 mAh up or down should be almost unnoticeable this battery will work just fine in these cases)
• Meets or exceeds OEM specifications
• Item includes wiring harness and connector shown
• Nickel cadmium NiCad battery (rechargeable)
• Commonly used in emergency lighting, exit signs as well as other devices
• Factory guarantee with 30-day return window and full manufacturer 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects